103 (Table 3). The salinity value for Banten was relatively high at 36.8. Nitrate values ranged from 0.04 to 1.66 mg/L, and phosphate ranged from not detectable to 0.54 mg/L. Although turbidity levels were not measured in this study, it is likely that turbidity may also have an impact on growth and product quality of K. alvarezii. 3.3. Growth and production There were significant differences in biomass production (final weight of seaweed minus initial weight of seaweed) of K. alvarezii cultured in situ at 10 sites for a 45-day cycle (ANOVA, F = 25.5, P < 0.01). Seaweed cultured at the Bontang site showed the highest production, with (mean ± SE) 2.8 ± 0.124 kg.m− 1 (Fig. 3). The second-highest production was from Kupang and Pangkep sites (Fig. 3). In these in situ trials, Mamuju, Gorontalo, Manado and Banten sites showed the poorest production, with only (mean ± SE) 848 ± 66.7 g.m− 1 to 495 ± 25.2 g.m− 1 (Fig. 3). 3.4. Proximate composition The proximate composition of representative samples of K. alvarezii from each site is listed in Table 4. Protein levels ranged from 3.1–4.9% (Table 4) which is higher than the 0.7 % reported for K. alvarezii from Seribu Islands (Santoso et al., 2006) and the 1.03 % for samples from Gorontalo (Adharini et al., 2019), but similar to the 3.0 % reported by
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