52 and interventions might appear to be less effective than they truly are (Corsi et al., 2011). From a policy perspective, it is very important to know whether the effects of risk factors vary across circumstances. If it is known under which circumstances a certain risk factor or protective measure is important, policy-makers can tailor interventions towards the requirements of the specific situation. We can find these circumstances by including interaction terms between the risk factor or protective measure and variables indicating the circumstances in our analysis. However, until now no encompassing study on diarrhoeal disease in Indonesia has been published in which both direct and interaction effects of the major risk factors are studied simultaneously. The current study aims to fill this gap in our knowledge by examining the impact on childhood diarrhoea of the quality of water and sanitation at household and community level in Indonesia. The model includes interactions between the risk factors and variables describing the specific situation. We perform a multilevel analysis on data from the 2007 and 2012 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in order to answer the following research questions: A. Does access to and treatment of water and sanitation at the household level influence diarrhoea prevalence?
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